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Call of Duty: World at War PC Patch 1.6. The 1.4 patch has been released on 09/04/2009. I will be showing you how to play Call Of Duty World At War on a Private Server My. Playing Call of Duty World at War patch 1.4 online not getting.Concerned Health Professionals of NY » Letters to Governor Cuomo. October 1. 4, 2. 01. Syracuse’s parks commissioner shares past experiences, interests. H.E.I.Y.P is a lecture services program run by Concerned Citizens Action. Take Action; Petitions; Campaigns: Water Protection. Citizens Campaign for the Environment. Syracuse, NY 13206 Phone. CCE's experienced program staff works to identify key environmental concerns in. City of Syracuse Department of Audit Minchin G. City Charter mandates a “program budget” based on activity indicators. Citizens appear to be more concerned about the violent effects of the distribution system. May 2. 9, 2. 01. 4February 2. October 4, 2. 01. March 1. 6, 2. 01. December 1. 2, 2. The Lillian Reiner Collection comprises Correspondence/subject files. Syracuse (NY) Citizens’ Committee for Fair and. October 5, 2. 01. March 2. 6, 2. 01. February 2. 8, 2. The Honorable Andrew M. Cuomo. Governor of New York State. NYS State Capitol Building. Albany, NY 1. 22. Health Commissioner Howard A. Zucker. New York State Department of Health. Corning Tower. Empire State Plaza,Albany, NY 1. Cc: . In considering the scientific evidence leading up to and following New York. On this topic, for the first time, this edition of our report also compiles and concisely summarizes the evidence pertaining to the impacts of natural gas infrastructure, including transmission pipelines and compressor stations. Considering this new information, we urge New York to use its power in the permitting process to put on hold and deny permits to expand gas infrastructure while assessments of public health and environmental impacts can be undertaken. We bring your attention primarily to two of our conclusions. First, the new report, Compendium of Scientific, Medical, and Media Findings Demonstrating Risks and Harms of Fracking, Third Edition, shows that New York State was right in concluding that . More than 1. 00 new peer- reviewed studies on the impacts of drilling and fracking have been published since New York. Overwhelmingly, these studies find significant risks and adverse impacts, as do the more than 4. Compendium. These research results are compelling, and we are therefore urging the governors of other states to follow your lead. Second, the evidence compiled in our report makes clear that New Yorkers are at risk from gas infrastructure projects. As with hydrofracking, the evidence available to date confirms that New York. Findings Statement p. Compressor stations and pipelines are both major sources of air pollutants, including benzene and formaldehyde, that create serious health risks for those living nearby while offering little or no offsetting economic benefits. Moreover, emerging data show that their day- to- day air emissions are highly episodic and create periods of potentially extreme exposures. We have particular concerns about the air pollution events created by compressor station . The intentional or accidental releases of gas through valves create 3. Anecdotal accounts associate blowdowns with short term effects such as nosebleeds, burning eyes and throat, skin irritation, and headache. Given the chemicals released, we are deeply concerned about the possible long- term effects of these exposures, including cancer, asthma, heart disease and severe neurological impairments. We note that there exists neither a national nor a state inventory of compressor station accidents. We have yet to accumulate an extensive body of peer- reviewed research on the public health impacts of compressor stations, but our new report includes very troubling documentation of extensive leakage of methane and other contaminants. Further, while air pollution from natural gas compressor stations and pipelines threatens the health of New Yorkers directly, methane leaks and losses also contribute significantly to the exacerbation of climate change. Emerging research from Texas and Pennsylvania shows that methane emission rates from compressor stations can significantly exceed those from well pads themselves. Additionally, as New York rightly concluded (Findings Statement, p. As New York is faced with numerous proposed new and additional gas pipelines, compressor stations, storage facilities, and a major liquefied natural gas terminal, we believe it is crucial to examine both the individual risks these projects pose and to consider their cumulative impacts, including to the state. Unfortunately, in many cases the federal government has approved permits without adequate consideration of critical issues and impacts. Such is the case with the approval of Spectra Energy. We reiterate that call and ask for the assessment to include cumulative impacts to public health and the state. Moreover, we strongly urge New York State to put on hold and deny any expansion of natural gas transmission and storage projects, until and unless their safety can be demonstrated through comprehensive public health and environmental assessments. Sincerely,Concerned Health Professionals of New York. Physicians for Social Responsibility. Physicians for Social Responsibility . Carpenter, MDConcerned Health Professionals of New York and Director, Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany. Larysa Dyrszka, MDConcerned Health Professionals of New York and Physicians for Social Responsibility . Schoenfeld, MD, FACCConcerned Health Professionals of New York and Physicians for Social Responsibility . Cuomo. Governor of New York State. NYS State Capitol Building. Albany, NY 1. 22. Acting Health Commissioner Howard A. Zucker. New York State Department of Health. Corning Tower. Empire State Plaza,Albany, NY 1. Dear Governor Cuomo and Acting Health Commissioner Zucker,We, the undersigned physicians, nurses, researchers and public health professionals, write to update you on the alarming trends in the data regarding the health and community impacts of drilling and fracking for natural gas. The totality of the science. At the same time, new assessments from expert panels also make clear that fundamental data gaps remain and that the best imaginable regulatory frameworks fall far short of protecting our health and our environment. Concerned both by the rapidly expanding evidence of harm and by the uncertainties that remain, we urge you to adopt a concrete moratorium of at least three to five years while scientific and medical knowledge on the impacts of fracking continues to emerge. Many of us have previously submitted official comments that highlight various studies and data that raise a range of concerns about impacts to public health. In light of such concerns, New York has wisely maintained a de facto moratorium. However, since the close of the last public comment period, the body of scientific studies has approximately doubled in size. Moreover, the pace at which studies are emerging has accelerated: the number of studies on the health effects of fracking published in the first few months of 2. They also make clear that the relevant risks for harm have neither been fully identified nor adequately assessed. Fracking- related contaminants detected in water sources within the last twelve months include methane (Jackson et al., 2. Vengosh, Jackson, Warner, Darrah, & Kondash, 2. Fontenot et al., 2. Kassotis, Tillitt, Davis, Hormann, & Nagel, 2. Reviewing the entirety of the evidence, the Council of Canadian Academies concluded, . Recent peer- reviewed literature refutes this claim and also indicates that the main concerns are for longer term cumulative impacts that would generally not yet be evident and are difficult to predict reliably. The most important questions concerning groundwater contamination from shale gas development are not whether groundwater impacts have or will occur, but where and when they will occur. Data from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection show a 6 to 7 percent failure rate for new wells drilled in each of the past three years. The consequences of gas leaks include risk of explosion, drinking water contamination, and seepage of raw methane into the atmosphere where it acts as a powerful greenhouse gas (Ingraffea, 2. Drilling and fracking contribute to loss of well integrity. Drilling creates microfractures in the surrounding rock that cement cannot fill and so opens pathways for the upwardmigration of liquids and gases. Additionally, high pressure from repeated fracturing can deform cement, further raising the risk of leakage. Age- related shrinkage and deterioration cause cement to pull away from the surrounding rock, reduce the tightness of the seal, thus opening potential portals for contamination. According to one expert panel, . It remains a problem with no solution. As confirmed by the U. S. Geological Survey, deep- well injection of fracking waste has triggered significant earthquakes in Oklahoma (Sumy, Cochran, Keranen, Wei, & Abers, 2. A team from Columbia University. Members of the Seismological Society of America warn that geologists do not yet know how to predict the timing or location of such earthquakes: . Researchers further warn that earthquakes can occur tens of miles away from the wells themselves. Seismic damage to these aqueducts that results in a disruption of supply of potable water to the New York City area would create a catastrophic public health crisis. At the same time, hauling fracking wastewater to treatment plants has resulted in contamination of rivers and streams with unfilterable radioactive radium (Nelson et al., 2. Warner, Christie, Jackson, & Vengosh, 2. Air quality impacts from fracking. And yet, monitoring technologies currently in use underestimate the ongoing risk to exposed people, especially children (Brown, Weinberger, Lewis, & Bonaparte, 2. Rawlins, 2. 01. 4; University of Texas, 2. Fracking- related air pollutants include carcinogenic silica dust (Moore, Zielinska, P. Indeed, total annual VOC emissions from Uintah Basin fracking sites are roughly equivalent to those from 1. Lockwood, 2. 01. 4). A new investigation by the Associated Press found that traffic fatalities more than quadrupled in intensely drilled areas even as they fell throughout the rest of the nation (Associated Press, 2. The Multi- State Shale Research Collaborative. Among the findings: the advent of fracking brings a rapid influx of out- of- state workers and attendant costs for police, emergency services, road damage, medical and social services. At the same time, increased rent costs bring shortages of affordable housing (Multi- State Shale Research Collaborative, 2. As medical professionals, we know that these kinds of social impacts bring health consequences, especially for low- income single mothers and their children. Oingo Boingo Dark At The End Of The Tunnel RaritanDirect download via magnet link. Search results: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes Displaying hits from 0 to 3. 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These areas of spinning debris are linked together by the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone, located a few hundred kilometers north of Hawaii. This convergence zone is where warm water from the South Pacific meets up with cooler water from the Arctic. The zone acts like a highway that moves debris from one patch to another. The entire Great Pacific Garbage Patch is bounded by the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. An ocean gyre is a system of circular ocean currents formed by the Earth’s wind patterns and the forces created by the rotation of the planet. The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is created by the interaction of the California, North Equatorial, Kuroshiro, and North Pacific currents. These four currents move in a clockwise direction around an area of 2. The area in the center of a gyre tends to be very calm and stable. The circular motion of the gyre draws debris into this stable center, where it becomes trapped. A plastic water bottle discarded off the coast of California, for instance, takes the California Current south toward Mexico. There, it may catch the North Equatorial Current, which crosses the vast Pacific. Near the coast of Japan, the bottle may travel north on the powerful Kuroshiro Current. Finally, the bottle travels westward on the North Pacific Current. The gently rolling vortexes of the Eastern and Western Garbage Patches gradually draw in the bottle. Learn facts about the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. What Is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch looks more like a 'soup' of tiny plastic particles and other. A 'plastic soup' of waste floating in the Pacific Ocean is growing at an alarming rate and now. A 'plastic soup' of waste floating in the Pacific Ocean is growing at an alarming. The amount of debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch accumulates because much of it is not biodegradable. Many plastics, for instance, do not wear down; they simply break into tinier and tinier pieces. In reality, these patches are almost entirely made up of tiny bits of plastic, called microplastics. Microplastics can’t always be seen by the naked eye. Even satellite imagery doesn’t show a giant patch of garbage. The microplastics of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch can simply make the water look like a cloudy soup. This soup is intermixed with larger items, such as fishing gear and shoes. The seafloor beneath the Great Pacific Garbage Patch may also be an underwater trash heap. Oceanographers and ecologists recently discovered that about 7. While oceanographers and climatologists predicted the existence of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, it was a racing boat captain by the name of Charles Moore who actually discovered the trash vortex. Moore was sailing from Hawaii to California after competing in a yachting race. Crossing the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Moore and his crew noticed millions of pieces of plastic surrounding his ship. Great Pacific Garbage Patch Plastic Soup CupsMarine Debris No one knows how much debris makes up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is too large for scientists to trawl. This plastic soup is wreaking unimaginable havoc on the area's ecosystems. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch explained - Duration. That’s the reported size of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. What is known for certain is that the marine debris in the North Pacific Gyre is 80% plastic and it’s. Great Pacific Garbage Patch: A Plastic Vortex. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was first 'discovered' in 1997 by Captain Charles. In addition, not all trash floats on the surface. Denser debris can sink centimeters or even several meters beneath the surface, making the vortex’s area nearly impossible to measure. About 8. 0% of the debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes from land- based activities in North America and Asia. Trash from the coast of North America takes about six years to reach the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, while trash from Japan and other Asian countries takes about a year. Great Pacific Garbage Patch Plastic Soup ContainersThe 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch'. Garbage Patch' could better be described as a weak plastic soup dispersed over a large area where plastics in various stages. Plastic Soup -- The Great Pacific Patch is a 4 minute-long documentary about plastic waste that is disposed of in the. The Plastic Soup Photo Essay. A widely circulated photograph does not show a 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch' that covers over 8% of the Pacific Ocean. The Great (Invisible) Garbage Patch. It is almost like a plastic soup. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a big patch of garbage and debris in the middle of the. It is more like a soup of plastic pieces floating in the ocean just below the surface. It is 900 km (560 mi) from California. The remaining 2. 0% of debris in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes from boaters, offshoreoil rigs, and large cargo ships that dump or lose debris directly into the water. The majority of this debris—about 7. More unusual items, such as computer monitors and LEGOs, come from dropped shipping containers. While many different types of trash enter the ocean, plastics make up the majority of marine debris for two reasons. First, plastic’s durability, low cost, and malleability mean that it’s being used in more and more consumer and industrial products. Second, plastic goods do not biodegrade but instead break down into smaller pieces. In the ocean, the sun breaks down these plastics into tinier and tinier pieces, a process known as photodegradation. Scientists have collected up to 7. Great Pacific Garbage Patch—that’s about 1. Most of this debris comes from plastic bags, bottle caps, plastic water bottles, and Styrofoam cups. Marine debris can be very harmful to marine life in the gyre. For instance, loggerhead sea turtles often mistake plastic bags for jellies, their favorite food. Albatrosses mistake plastic resinpellets for fish eggs and feed them to chicks, which die of starvation or ruptured organs. Seals and other marine mammals are especially at risk. They can get entangled in abandoned plastic fishing nets, which are being discarded more often because of their low cost. Seals and other mammals often drown in these forgotten nets—a phenomenon known as “ghost fishing.”Marine debris can also disturb marine food webs in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. As microplastics and other trash collect on or near the surface of the ocean, they block sunlight from reaching plankton and algae below. Algae and plankton are the most common autotrophs, or producers, in the marine food web. Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own nutrients from oxygen, carbon, and sunlight. Animals that feed on algae and plankton, such as fish and turtles, will have less food. If populations of those animals decrease, there will be less food for apex predators such as tuna, sharks, and whales. Eventually, seafood becomes less available and more expensive for people. These dangers are compounded by the fact that plastics both leach out and absorb harmful pollutants. As plastics break down through photodegradation, they leach out colorants and chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA), that have been linked to environmental and health problems. Conversely, plastics can also absorb pollutants, such as PCBs, from the seawater. These chemicals can then enter the food chain when consumed by marine life. Patching Up the Patch Because the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is so far from any country’s coastline, no nation will take responsibility or provide the funding to clean it up. Charles Moore, the man who discovered the vortex, says cleaning up the garbage patch would “bankrupt any country” that tried it. Cleaning up marine debris is not as easy as it sounds. Many microplastics are the same size as small sea animals, so nets designed to scoop up trash would catch these creatures as well. Even if we could design nets that would just catch garbage, the size of the oceans makes this job far too time- consuming to consider. The National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Debris Program has estimated that it would take 6. North Pacific Ocean. Many expeditions have traveled through the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Charles Moore, who discovered the patch in 1. Algalita Marine Research Foundation. During a 2. 01. 4 expedition, Moore and his team used aerialdrones, to assess from above the extent of the trash below. The drones determined that there is 1. The team also discovered more permanent plastic features, or islands, some over 1. All the floating plastic in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch inspired National Geographic Emerging Explorer David de Rothschild and his team at Adventure Ecology to create a large catamaran made of plastic bottles: the Plastiki. The sturdiness of the Plastiki displayed the strength and durability of plastics, the creative ways that they can be repurposed, and the threat they pose to the environment when they don’t decompose. In 2. 01. 0, the crew successfully navigated the Plastiki from San Francisco, California, to Sydney, Australia. Scientists and explorers agree that limiting or eliminating our use of disposable plastics and increasing our use of biodegradable resources will be the best way to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Organizations such as the Plastic Pollution Coalition and the Plastic Oceans Foundation are using social media and direct action campaigns to support individuals, manufacturers, and businesses in their transition from toxic, disposable plastics to biodegradable or reusable materials. Great Pacific garbage patch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The area of increased plastic particles is located within the North Pacific Gyre, one of the five major oceanic gyres. It is located roughly between 1. It consists primarily of a small increase in suspended, often microscopic, particles in the upper water column. Discovery. The description was based on results obtained by several Alaska- based researchers between 1. North Pacific Ocean. Extrapolating from findings in the Sea of Japan, the researchers hypothesized that similar conditions would occur in other parts of the Pacific where prevailing currents were favorable to the creation of relatively stable waters. They specifically indicated the North Pacific Gyre. Moore, returning home through the North Pacific Gyre after competing in the Transpac sailing race in 1. Moore alerted the oceanographer. Curtis Ebbesmeyer, who subsequently dubbed the region the . The gyre's rotational pattern draws in waste material from across the North Pacific Ocean, including coastal waters off North America and Japan. As material is captured in the currents, wind- driven surface currents gradually move floating debris toward the center, trapping it in the region. There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics. The figure that an estimated 8. Debris is generated on land at marinas, ports, rivers, harbors, docks, and storm drains. Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels, stationary platforms and cargo ships. Most debris consists of small plastic particles suspended at or just below the surface, making it impossible to detect by aircraft or satellite. Instead, the size of the patch is determined by sampling. Estimates of size range from 7. Texas) to more than 1. Pacific Ocean), or, in some media reports, up to . Further, although the size of the patch is determined by a higher- than- normal degree of concentration of pelagic debris, there is no standard for determining the boundary between . The plastic debris sampled is determined by net mesh size, with similar mesh sizes required to make meaningful comparisons among studies. Floating debris typically is sampled with a neuston or manta trawl net lined with 0. Given the very high level of spatial clumping in marine litter, large numbers of net tows are required to adequately characterize the average abundance of litter at sea. Long- term changes in plastic meso- litter have been reported using surface net tows: in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in 1. Similar dramatic increases in plastic debris have been reported off Japan. However, caution is needed in interpreting such findings, because of the problems of extreme spatial heterogeneity, and the need to compare samples from equivalent water masses, which is to say that, if an examination of the same parcel of water a week apart is conducted, an order of magnitude change in plastic concentration could be observed. The survey also confirmed that, although the debris field does contain large pieces, it is on the whole made up of smaller items that increase in concentration toward the Gyre's centre, and these 'confetti- like' pieces are clearly visible just beneath the surface. Although many media and advocacy reports have suggested that the patch extends over an area larger than the continental U. S., recent research sponsored by the National Science Foundation suggests the affected area may be much smaller. As a result, it is one of several oceanic regions where researchers have studied the effects and impact of plastic photodegradation in the neustonic layer of water. This process continues down to the molecular level. As it disintegrates, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be ingested by aquatic organisms that reside near the ocean's surface. In this way, plastic may become concentrated in neuston, thereby entering the food chain. Some plastics decompose within a year of entering the water, leaching potentially toxic chemicals such as bisphenol A, PCBs, and derivatives of polystyrene. In a 2. 00. 1 study, researchers (including Charles Moore) found concentrations of plastic particles at 3. Assuming each particle of plastic averaged 5 mm . Nonetheless, this represents a very high amount with respect to the overall ecology of the neuston. In many of the sampled areas, the overall concentration of plastics was seven times greater than the concentration of zooplankton. Samples collected at deeper points in the water column found much lower concentrations of plastic particles (primarily monofilament fishing line pieces). Midway Atoll receives substantial amounts of marine debris from the patch. Of the 1. 5 million Laysan albatrosses that inhabit Midway, nearly all are found to have plastic in their digestive system. ECC collaborates with other groups to identify methods to safely remove plastic and persistent organic pollutants from the oceans. In August 2. 00. 9, two project vessels, the New Horizon and the Kaisei, embarked on a voyage to research the patch and determine the feasibility of commercial scale collection and recycling. Their primary goal was to describe the abundance and distribution of plastic in the gyre in the most rigorous study to date. Researchers were also looking at the impact of plastic on mesopelagic fish, such as lanternfish. Goldstein, Marci Rosenberg, and Lanna Cheng wrote: Plastic pollution in the form of small particles (diameter less than 5 mm) . They are known to interact with biota on the individual level, e. One potential mechanism for microplastic- induced alteration of pelagic ecosystems is through the introduction of hard- substrate habitat to ecosystems where it is naturally rare. Here, we show that microplastic concentrations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) have increased by two orders of magnitude in the past four decades, and that this increase has released the pelagic insect Halobates sericeus from substrate limitation for oviposition. High concentrations of microplastic in the NPSG resulted in a positive correlation between H. The dynamics of hard- substrate- associated organisms may be important to understanding the ecological impacts of oceanic microplastic pollution. Calling his project The Ocean Cleanup, he proposed to use surface currents to let debris drift to specially designed arms and collection platforms. Operating costs would be minimal and the operation would be so efficient that it might even be profitable. The concept makes use of floating booms, that divert rather than catch the debris. This way bycatch would be avoided, although even the smallest particles would be extracted. According to Slat's calculations, a gyre could be cleaned up in five years' time, collecting at least 7. The company sent crews to Hawaiian beaches to recover some of the debris that had washed up. The main purpose is to educate people about the garbage patch. The 2. 01. 2 Algalita/5 Gyres Asia Pacific Expedition began in the Marshall Islands on 1 May, investigated the little- studied Western Pacific garbage patch, collecting samples for the 5 Gyres Institute, Algalita Marine Research Foundation and several other colleagues, including NOAA, SCRIPPS, IPRC and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. A similar research expedition was conducted by SEA in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2. During the Plastics at SEA 2. North Pacific Expedition, a total of 1. It was the first of a series of events under the patronage of UNESCO and of the Italian Ministry of the Environment. A general overview is provided in Dautel, Susan L. For this and what follows, see Moore (2. Moore (2. 00. 9), which includes photographs taken from the patch,^Day, Robert H.; Shaw, David G.; Ignell, Steven E. Final Report to US Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, Auke Bay Laboratory. For example, plastic entering the ocean in Japan is moved eastward by the Subarctic Current (in Subarctic Water) and the Kuroshio (in Transitional Water, Kawai 1. Favorite et al. In this way, the plastic is transported from high- density areas to low- density areas. In addition to this eastward movement, Ekman stress from winds tends to move surface waters from the subarctic and the subtropics toward the Transitional Water mass as a whole (see Roden 1. Because of the convergent nature of this Ekman flow, densities tend to be high in Transitional Water. In addition, the generally convergent nature of water in the North Pacific Central Gyre (Masuzawa 1. Emphasis added)^ ab. Moore, Charles (November 2. Natural History Magazine. San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco: Hearst. Retrieved 2. 2 October 2. Straight Dope / Chicago Reader^Steve Gorman Scientists study huge plastic patch in Pacific Reuters^ ab. Moore, C. J; Moore, S. L; Leecaster, M. K; Weisberg, S. B (2. 00. 1). Marine Pollution Bulletin. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 1. 6 March 2. The oceans, their physics, chemistry and general biology. New York: Prentice- Hall.^Eriksen, Marcus; Lebreton, Laurent C. M.; Carson, Henry S.; Thiel, Martin; Moore, Charles J.; Borerro, Jose C.; Galgani, Francois; Ryan, Peter G.; Reisser, Julia (2. M.; Carson, Henry S.; Thiel, Martin; Moore, Charles J.; Borerro, Jose C.; Galgani, Francois; Ryan, Peter G.; Reisser, Julia (2. San Francisco: Sierra Club. Retrieved 1. 3 August 2. Sea Grant College Program and NOAA. National Public Radio. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Ropert- Coudert, Yan, ed. Bibcode: 2. 00. 9PLo. SO.. 4. 7. 62. 3Y. C.; Olsen, Y; Mitchell, RP; Davis, A; Rowland, SJ; John, AW; Mc. Gonigle, D; Russell, AE (2. A.; Galgani, F.; Thompson, R. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 3. 0 August 2. Retrieved 5 April 2. Santa Barbara News- Press. Accessed 6- 1. 1- 1. Rios, Lorena M.; Moore, Charles; Jones, Patrick R. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Environmental Science & Technology. Bibcode: 2. 00. 4En. ST.. 3. 8. 4. 03. T. 3. 0 March 2. 01. Greenpeace Plastic Ocean Report. Leave Administration. Yes. OPM's regulations at 5 CFR 3. Uniformed Service Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) state that an employee performing service with the uniformed services must be permitted, upon request, to use any accrued annual leave, military leave, earned compensatory time off for travel, or accrued sick leave (consistent with the statutory and regulatory criteria for using sick leave), during such service. An employee is entitled to use annual leave, military leave, earned compensatory time off for travel, or sick leave intermittently with leave without pay while on active duty or active/inactive duty training. An employee on military leave under section 6. This leave accrues at the beginning of each fiscal year, and all Guard or Reserve members, including those on extended active duty, should be credited with 1. October 1 of each year. An agency now may charge military leave under 6. An employee no longer . This guidance does not apply to employees of the U. S. Postal Service.)In addition, effective November 2. United States Code, are entitled to 2. U. S. C. Under this provision the employee is entitled to the greater of his military or civilian pay. Employees using annual leave will receive their full civilian pay, as well as compensation for their military service. This may include, for example, providing transportation and/or accompanying a family member to a health care provider's office or to a hospital or other health care facility, providing assistance during examination and/or treatment, and providing care and assistance during recovery. Under agency policies, managers and supervisors must use their judgment in administering the use of sick leave for family care or bereavement in a fair and equitable manner. It is not possible for OPM to regulate or specify the criteria for every situation that may arise. When the need for leave is not foreseeable, an employee must provide notice as soon as is practicable. In addition, an agency may require an employee on leave for a serious health condition to provide initial medical certification and recertification every 3. The Air Force is considering. Air Force considering longer maternity leave. Office of the Judge Advocate General Online. Program (FLEP) and Excess Leave. If the health care provider has specified on the initial medical certification a minimum duration of the period of incapacity, the agency may not request recertification until that period has passed unless other conditions arise that permit the agency to require recertification more frequently. If an employee who has been placed on leave restriction invokes his or her entitlement to FMLA leave, the agency must follow OPM's rules for notification and medical certification of FMLA leave. An employee may apply for and receive donated annual leave while their application for disability retirement is being processed. Under the Federal leave transfer and leave bank programs, an employee who is experiencing a personal or family medical emergency and who has exhausted his or her available paid leave may request to become an approved leave recipient and receive donated annual leave. Once the disability retirement application has been approved by the Office of Personnel Management, the leave recipient may no longer receive or use donated annual leave beyond the end of the pay period in which the agency receives the notice of allowance of disability retirement. Maternity Leave Policies. This period is extended to 42 days. Soldiers granted convalescent leave for illness or injury incurred in the line of. Air Force Warrior Games; Air Force. AFCENT rolls out new leave, pass policy. SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION 36-815 8 JULY 2015 Personnel ABSENCE AND LEAVE. Emergency Leave Transfer Program. An employee is entitled to the greater of his civilian or military pay, not both. Federal civilian pay the employee received during the 2. An agency may calculate the amount of military pay (less any travel, transportation, or per diem allowances) an employee will receive for the time period that corresponds to the 2. In contrast, many agencies choose to continue to pay the employee his or her full civilian pay during the 2. At the end of the 2. An employee may elect to substitute paid leave (e. FMLA leave, but only to the extent such paid leave is permitted under current law and regulations. If an employee chooses to invoke his or her entitlement to FMLA leave to care for a healthy newborn, he or she may only substitute annual leave for the unpaid leave, as there is no authority to use sick leave to care for a healthy child. An employee's entitlement to FMLA leave expires on the first anniversary of the child's birth. An error occurred while trying to submit your feedback. Please try again later. Agencies should document an employee's use of leave without pay (LWOP) to perform duty with the uniformed services by processing a personnel action (SF 5. The effective date is the first day the employee begins to use leave without pay for duty with the uniformed services. Employees may use annual leave, military leave, compensatory time off for travel, or sick leave (consistent with the statutory and regulatory criteria for using sick leave), intermittently with leave without pay while performing duty with the uniformed services. OPM does not require that agencies process return- to- duty actions for each period of paid leave. An employee who is a member of the Reserves or National Guard serving on active military duty which extends into a second or succeeding fiscal year may accrue and use the 1. In addition, an employee who has been activated in support of the national emergency whose duty extends into the next calendar year will be entitled to up to an additional 2. Each agency has discretionary authority to determine when it is appropriate to grant a reasonable amount of excused absence to employees who are unavoidably delayed in arriving for work. Factors such as distance, availability of transportation, and the success of other employees in similar situations should be considered in determining the amount of excused absence to grant. Employees are responsible for notifying their supervisors of their situation. On December 2, 1. OPM issued final regulations that removed the 3- year break- in- service limitation on the recredit of sick leave for former employees who are reemployed on or after December 2, 1. Sick leave may not be recredited to employees who were reemployed in the Federal service before December 2, 1. Effective November 2. President are entitled to the 2. U. S. C. 6. 30. 6, when an individual who received a lump- sum payment for accumulated and accrued annual leave under 5 U. S. C. 5. 55. 1 is reemployed in the Federal service before the end of the period covered by the lump- sum payment, he or she must refund to the employing agency an amount equal to the pay covering the period between the date of reemployment and the expiration of the lump- sum period. The refund is deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the employing agency. The refund is based on the rate of pay used to compute the lump- sum payment; e. GS- 7 special salary rate must refund the lump- sum payment based on that same pay rate, even if he or she is reemployed at a lower grade level that is not covered by special salary rates. When an individual is reemployed in the Federal service in a position covered by the Federal leave system under 5 U. S. C. 6. 30. 1(2), an amount of annual leave equal to the leave represented by the refund is recredited to the employee by the employing agency. When an individual is reemployed in the Federal service in a position not covered under 5 U. S. C. 6. 30. 1(2), but is covered by a formal leave system, the amount of annual leave to be recredited to the employee will be determined using the rule for recrediting annual leave in 5 CFR 6. Individuals who are reemployed in a position excepted from the Federal leave system by 5 U. S. C. 6. 30. 1(2)(ii), (iii), (vi), or (vii) are not required to refund a lump- sum payment. Individuals who are reemployed in the Federal service after expiration of the lump- sum period and individuals who are reemployed in the Federal service in a position that does not have a formal leave system in which the employee's annual leave may be recredited are not required to refund the lump- sum payment. Individuals who are reemployed in a position excepted from the Federal leave system by 5 U. S. C. 6. 30. 1(2)(x)- (xiii) must refund the lump- sum payment, and the annual leave will be held in abeyance until the employee transfers to a position in which the annual leave may be recredited or the employee later becomes eligible for a lump- sum payment. A number of Comptroller General opinions on lump- sum payments may be found in the Civilian Personnel Law Manual, Title II- -Leave, chapter 3, Lump- Sum Leave Payments. The Comptroller General has ruled that an individual on active duty military service may not be employed in a civilian capacity with the Government. The Comptroller General has held that the rendition of services to the Government in a civilian capacity by a member of the armed services on active duty is incompatible with the member's actual or potential military duties and payment for such services is not authorized in the absence of specific statutory authority. This is the case even though the civilian services are rendered during the military member's hours of relaxation or time provided to attend to personal affairs. Comp. 5. 05- 5. 06 (1. An error occurred while trying to submit your feedback. Please try again later. |
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